makefile with GCC on linux

Inside the book

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• GNU Make Essentials for C++ Programmers Prepared by Ayman Alheraki simplifycpp.org December 2025 Contents Contents 2 Author’s Introduction 8 Preface 10 1 Build Automation with Make 12 1.1 What Make Really Is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.2 Why Make Still Matters in Modern C++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2 The Makefile Execution Model 16 2.1 Targets, Dependencies, and Recipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.1.1 Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.1.2 Dependencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.1.3 Recipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3 The TAB Rule and Historical Constraints 20 3.1 Why TAB Exists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.2 What the TAB Rule Really Enforces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.3 Common TAB Failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.3.1 Spaces Instead of TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2 3 3.3.2 Invisible Formatting Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.4 Professional Practices for Avoiding TAB Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.5 The TAB Rule as a Design Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4 Variables and Abstraction in Make 25 4.1 User-Defined Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.2 Variables as a Form of Abstraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .